部落格

New Year's Day   (history of the New Year's Day )

New Year's Day is observed on January 1, the first day of the year on the modern Gregorian calendar as well as the Julian calendar used in the Roman Empire since 45 BC. Romans originally dedicated New Year's Day to Janus, the god of gates, doors, and beginnings for whom the first month of the year (January) is named. Later, as a date in the Gregorian calendar of Christendom, New Year's Day liturgically marked the Feast of the Circumcision of Christ, and is still observed as such in the Anglican Church and Lutheran Church. In present day, with most countries now using the Gregorian calendar as their de facto calendar, New Year's Day is probably the world's most celebrated public holiday, often observed with fireworks at the stroke of midnight as the new year starts in each time zone.

The Romans dedicated New Year's Day to Janus, the god of gates, doors, and beginnings for whom the first month of the year (January) is also named. After Julius Caesar reformed the calendar in 46 BC and was subsequently murdered, the Roman Senate voted to deify him on the 1st January 42 BC in honor of his life and his institution of the new rationalized calendar.

老師和大家分享去羅馬、土耳其的照片

羅馬部分

Miffy is from Netherlands

gondole

The gondola is a traditional, flat-bottomed Venetian rowing boat, well suited to the conditions of the Venetian lagoon. The gondola is propelled like punting, except an oar is used instead of a pole.

一下雨便積水 - 諾亞方舟 (raven) - 鴿子銜橄欖枝 - 水退去

The Doge's Palace (Italian: Palazzo Ducale) 

A palace built in Venetian Gothic style, and one of the main landmarks of the city of Venice, northern Italy. The palace was the residence of the Doge of Venice, the supreme authority of the Republic of Venice, opening as a museum in 1923. Today, it is one of the 11 museums run by the Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia.

小木偶是義大利人

義大利噴泉廣場 (丟銅錢-- back to Roman)

Poseidon (三叉戟)

Pantheon

 Pietà 

The Pietà (Italian pronunciation: [pjeˈta]) is a subject in Christian art depicting the Virgin Mary cradling the dead body of Jesus, most often found in sculpture. As such, it is a particular form of the Lamentation of Christ, a scene from the Passion of Christ found in cycles of the Life of Christ. When Christ and the Virgin are surrounded by other figures from the New Testament, the subject is strictly called a Lamentation in English, although Pietà is often used for this as well, and is the normal term in Italian.

Saint Peter 

Colosseum or Coliseum

旅館外有 "We got the view"

土耳其部分

prayer room (男女有別)

kible

fig (無花果樹葉)

fig tree 課本第118頁，亞當、夏娃的那棵樹

Pamukkale

pomegranate

theology

the- god

pantheon

pan- all

Paradise lost is an epic poem in blank verse by the 17th-century English poet John Milton.

Samson Agonistes (Greek for "Samson the agonist") is a tragic closet drama by John Milton.

Genesis

Abel- air

go, keep him accompany, make him happy

cain 有詛咒含意 

Am I my brother's keeper (課本第117頁，考ID)

I'll ride with you  讓回教徒敢回家

Australians are showing the world they're not caving to racism or Islamophobia.

song- O Come All Ye Faithful by Chris Tomlin

舊約聖經用希伯來文著成；新約聖經用西臘文著成

parable 用人世小故事，講天國大道理

A parable is a succinct, didactic story, in prose or verse, which illustrates one or more instructive lessons or principles. It differs from a fable in that fables employ animals, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature as characters, whereas parables have human characters. A parable is a type of analogy.

Jesus knocking on the door of your heart (門上無門把)

pieta

calvary  耶穌受難的地方

crucifixion

Crucifixion is a form of slow and painful execution in which the victim is tied or nailed to a large wooden cross and left to hang until dead. It is principally known from antiquity, but remains in occasional use in some countries.

Salome 喜歡 John the Baptist

John the Baptist

fatal woman

A stock character of a mysterious and seductive woman whose charms ensnare her lovers, often leading them into compromising, dangerous, and deadly situations. She is an archetype of literature and art. Her ability to entrance and hypnotise her victim with a spell was in the earliest stories seen as being literally supernatural; hence, the femme fatale today is still often described as having a power akin to an enchantress, seductress, vampire, witch, or demon, having power over men.

西斯廷教堂

labor 分娩

spectator: a person who looks on or watches; onlooker; or observer (圍觀群眾)

andience: the group of listeners at a public event, as in attendence at a theater or concert

dramatic irony

This type of irony is the device of giving the spectator an item of information that at least one of the characters in the narrative is unaware of (at least consciously), thus placing the spectator a step ahead of at least one of the characters. The OED has:

the incongruity created when the (tragic) significance of a character's speech or actions is revealed to the audience but unknown to the character concerned; the literary device so used, orig. in Greek tragedy.

According to Stanton, dramatic irony has three stages—installation, exploitation, and resolution (often also called preparation, suspension, and resolution) —producing dramatic conflict in what one character relies or appears to rely upon, the contrary of which is known by observers (especially the audience; sometimes to other characters within the drama) to be true. In summary, it means that the reader/watcher/listener knows something that one or more of the characters in the piece is not aware of.

for example:

In Oedipus the King, the audience knows that Oedipus himself is the murderer that he is seeking; Oedipus, Creon and Jocasta do not.

chorus

A homogeneous, non-individualised group of performers in the plays of classical Greece, who comment with a collective voice on the dramatic action.The chorus consisted of between 12 and 50 players, who variously danced, sang or spoke their lines in unison and sometimes wore masks.

tragedy

A form of drama based on human suffering that invokes in its audience an accompanying catharsis or pleasure in the viewing. While many cultures have developed forms that provoke this paradoxical response, the term tragedy often refers to a specific tradition of drama that has played a unique and important role historically in the self-definition of Western civilization. That tradition has been multiple and discontinuous, yet the term has often been used to invoke a powerful effect of cultural identity and historical continuity—"the Greeks and the Elizabethans, in one cultural form; Hellenes andChristians, in a common activity," as Raymond Williams puts it.

From its obscure origins in the theatre of ancient Greece 2500 years ago, from which there survives only a fraction of the work of Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides,

for example:

Sophocles, each of the plays relates to the tale of the mythological Oedipus, who killed his father and married his mother without knowledge that they were his parents. His family is fated to be doomed for three generations

hamartia (tragic flaw) 

It is most often associated with Greek tragedy, although it is also used in Christian theology. Hamartia as it pertains to dramatic literature was first used by Aristotle in his Poetics. In tragedy, hamartia is the protagonist’s error or flaw that leads to a chain of plot actions culminating in a reversal from his/her good fortune to bad. What qualifies as the error or flaw can include an error resulting from ignorance, an error of judgement, a flaw in character, or sin. The spectrum of meanings has invited debate among critics and scholars, and different interpretations among dramatists.

for example:

In Oedipus the King, the flaw is hubris. Oedipus pursues his father's murderer, and cause the teagedy, which is parricide, incest, blindness, and dishonor

hubris

Means extreme pride or self-confidence. Hubris is usually perceived as a characteristic of an individual rather than a group, although the group the offender belongs to may suffer consequences from the wrongful act. Hubris often indicates a loss of contact with reality and an overestimation of one's own competence, accomplishments or capabilities, especially when the person exhibiting it is in a position of power.

for example:

In Greek literature, hubris usually refers to infractions by mortals against other mortals. Therefore, it is now generally agreed that the Greeks did not generally think of hubris as a religious matter, still less that it was normally punished by the gods.

Aristotle defined hubris as shaming the victim, not because of anything that happened to a person or might happen to a person, but merely for that person's own gratification

catharsis

is the purification and purgation of emotions—especially pity and fear—through art or any extreme change in emotion that results in renewal and restoration. It is a metaphor originally used by Aristotle in the Poetics to describe the effects of tragedy on the spectator.

for example:

Aristotle explain the meaning of "catharsis" as he is using that term in the definition of tragedy in the Poetics (1449b21-28). G.F. Else argues that traditional, widely held interpretations of catharsis as "purification " or "purgation" have no basis in the text of the Poetics, but are derived from the use of catharsis in other Aristotelian and non-Aristotelian contexts," Leon Golden writes.

arch- 拱門-->order

patriarch 父系社會/ anarchy 無政府狀態/ archangel 

inferno 地獄最底層

pity / fear 產生 catharsis

Aristotle

setting: the place and time in a work of narrative, especially fiction

three unities (三一律) --> action/ place/ time (亞里斯多德的詩文)

flashback 前因用追溯法  for example: Medea

下週記得交筆記本網址

標題：英語一甲 XXX  西概筆記

總共16則 (扣掉期中、期末)

advent

ad- forward

Advent is a season observed in many Western Christian churches  as a time of expectant waiting and preparation for the celebration of the Nativity of Jesus at Christmas. The term is an anglicized version of the Latin word adventus, meaning " coming".

Catholic

Protestant

episcopal

presbytarian

baptism

the original sin  原罪

the second coming  重生

Nativity Jesus

Andy Williams: It is the most wonderful time of the year

chorus (考解釋名詞)

A homogeneous, non-individualised group of performers in the plays of classical Greece, who comment with a collective voice on the dramatic action. The chorus consisted of between 12 and 50 players, who variously danced, sang, or spoke their lines in unison and sometimes wore masks.

Deus ex machina (god from machine)

prosperity

pro- in favor of/ many/much

proliferation  細胞分裂

Euripides is reported as a prolific writer, he is told to have many works at his time.

proponent  倡導人

opponent

op/ob- opposite/ obstacle

the golden fleece

Mary had a little lamb

Lyrics

Mary had a little lamb,
His fleece was white as snow,
And everywhere that Mary went,
The lamb was sure to go.

He followed her to school one day,
Which was against the rule,
It made the children laugh and play
To see a lamb at school.

And so the teacher turned it out,
But still it lingered near,
And waited patiently about,
Till Mary did appear.

"Why does the lamb love Mary so?"
The eager children cry.
"Why, Mary loves the lamb, you know."
The teacher did reply.

Edgar Allan Poe the raven tomb

The Raven

nevermore 烏鴉叫聲(擬聲字)

老師今天跟大家分享去希臘遊玩的照片

Pallas 身上有隻鳥

Asclepius 醫藥之神

infamous 聲名狼藉的

生死界的調和: River Styx (冥河)

allusion 暗示；提及

extravagant

extra- extreme

A hypothesis is a state that needs to furthermore explained in details by providing the relative example or contrast to define better.

serendipity trailer (video)

fate/fatal  不能選

destiny/destination  可控制

Words of the day

11/28 (Fri.)

1. splash [v.]  [splæʃ]

definition: to cause (water or another liquid) to move in a noisy way or messy way

origin: alteration of plash

sentence: He dropped the bottle and bleach splashedonto the floor.

part of speech:

splasher [n.]

2. submerge [v.]  [səbˋmɝdʒ]

definition: to make (someone or something) go under the surface of water or some other liquid : to cover (someone or something) with a liquid

origin: Latin submergere, from sub- + mergere to plunge

sentence: His talent was submerged by his shyness.

part of speech:

submergence [n.]

3. wade [v.]  [wed]

definition: to walk through water 

origin: Middle English, from Old English wadan; akin to Old High German watan to go, wade, Latin vadere to go

sentence: The lawyer had to wade through all the files.

part of speech:

wadable [adj.]

4. absorb [adj.]  [əbˋsɔrb] 

definition: to take in (something, such as a liquid) in a natural or gradual way

origin: Anglo-French asorbir to swallow up, from Latin absorbēre, from ab- + sorbēre to suck up; akin to Lithuanian surbti to sip, Greek rophein to gulp down

sentence: The walls are made of a material that absorbs sound.

part of speech:

absorber [n.]

5. reprise [n.]  [rɪˋpraɪz]

definition: something (such as a piece of music) that is repeated

origin: Middle English, from Anglo-French, seizure, repossession, expense, from feminine past participle of reprendre to take back, from re- + prendre to take, from Latin prehendere

sentence: They ended their performance with a reprise of the opening number.

12/1 (Mon.)

1. graffiti [n.]  [grə`fitɪ]

definition:  to draw graffiti on 

sentence: he walls of the old building are covered with graffiti.

2. massive [adj.]  [ˋmæsɪv]

definition: very large and heavy

origin: Middle English massiffe, from Anglo-French mascif, alteration of massiz, from Vulgar Latin *massicius, from Latin massa mass

sentence: A massive effort will be required to clean up the debris.

part of speech:

massively [adv.]

3. cheetah [n.]  [ˋtʃitə]

definition: a large wild cat that lives in Asia and Africa and that can run very fast

origin: Hindi cītā & Urdu chītā leopard, from Sanskrit citraka, from citra bright, variegated; akin to Old High German heitar bright

picture:

4. deprive [v.]  [dɪˋpraɪv]

definition: to take something away from <deprived him of his professorship

origin: Middle English depriven, from Anglo-French depriver, from Medieval Latin deprivare, from Latin de- + privare to deprive

sentence: The new laws deprived many people of the most elementary freedoms. 

part of speech:

deprivation [n.]

5. spurt [v.]  [spɝt]

definition: to expel in a stream or jet

origin: perhaps akin to Middle High German spürzen to spit, Old English -sprūtan to sprout

sentence: Water spurted from the broken pipe.

12/2 (Tue.)

1. propel [v.]  [prəˋpɛl]

definition: to push or drive (someone or something) forward or in a particular direction

origin: Middle English propellen, from Latin propellere, from pro- before + pellere to drive

sentence: He grabbed him and propelled him through the door.

2.molecule [n.]  [ˋmɑlə͵kjul]

definition:  the smallest possible amount of a particular substance that has all the characteristics of that substance

origin: French molécule, from New Latin molecula, diminutive of Latin moles mass

sentence: There is not a molecule of evidence to support these charges.

3. abdomen [n.]  [ˋæbdəmən]

definition: the part of the body below the chest that contains the stomach and other organs

origin: Middle French & Latin; Middle French, from Latin

sentence: He felt a great deal of pain in his abdomen.

part of speech:

abdominal [adj.]

4. overthrow [v.]  [͵ovɚˋθro]

definition: to remove (someone or something) from power especially by force

sentence: Fascism had lawlessly overthrown the democratic government.

5. barter [v.]  [ˋbɑrtɚ]

definition: to exchange things (such as products or services) for other things instead of for money

origin: Middle English bartren, from Anglo-French *bareter to do business, exchange, alteration of Old French barater

sentence: The explorers used blankets and other supplies for barter to get food from the native people.

part of speech:

baterer [n.]

12/3 (Wed.)

1. pinch [v.]  [pɪntʃ]

definition: to squeeze (someone's skin) between your thumb and finger often in a painful way

origin: Middle English, from Anglo-French *pincher, pincer

sentence: My little brother is always trying to pinch me.

2. sculpture [n.] [ˋskʌlptʃɚ]

definition: a piece of art that is made by carving or molding clay, stone, metal, etc.

origin: Middle English, from Latin sculptura, from sculptus, past participle of sculpere to carve, alteration of scalpere to scratch, carve

sentence: There are two horses sculptured in bronze at the gate. 

3. equivalent [adj.]  [ɪˈkwɪvələnt]

definition: Equal in value, amount, function, meaning, etc.

origin: late Middle English : via Old French from late Latin aequivalent- 'being of equal worth', from the verb aequivalere, from aequi- 'equally' + valere 'be worth'.

sentence: One unit is equivalentto one glass of wine.

part of speech:

equivalently [adv.]

4. recipient [n.]   [rɪˈsɪpɪənt]

definition: A person or thing that receives or is awarded something

origin: mid 16th century: from Latin recipient- 'receiving', from the verb recipere.

sentence: They are the recipients of Smart awards from the Department of Trade and Industry.

part of speech:

recipiency [n.]

5. interrupt [v.]  [ɪntəˈrʌpt]

definition: Stop the continuous progress of (an activity or process)

origin: late Middle English: from Latin interrupt- 'broken, interrupted', from the verb interrumpere, from inter- 'between' + rumpere 'to break'.

sentence: The buzzer interrupted his thoughts.

part of speech:

interruptible [adj.]

interruptive [adj.]

12/4 (Thu.)

1. thwart [v.]  [θwɔt]

definition: Prevent (someone) from accomplishing something

origin: Middle English thwerte, from the adjective thwert 'perverse, obstinate, adverse', from Old Norse thvert, neuter of thverr 'transverse', from an Indo-European root shared by Latin torquere 'to twist'.

sentence: He never did anything to thwart his father.

2. stigma [n.]  [ˈstɪgmə]

definition: A mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality, or person

origin: late 16th century (denoting a mark made by pricking or branding): via Latin from Greek stigma 'a mark made by a pointed instrument, a dot'

sentence: The aim is to remove the social stigma attached to the disease.

3. tout [v.]  [taʊt ]

definition: Attempt to sell (something), typically by a direct or persistent approach

origin: Middle English tute 'look out', of Germanic origin; related to Dutch tuit 'spout, nozzle'. Later senses were 'watch, spy on' (late 17th century) and 'solicit custom' (mid 18th century). The noun was first recorded (early 18th century) in the slang use 'thieves' lookout'.

sentence: Sanjay was touting his wares.

part of speech:

touter [n.]

4. amiable [adj.]  [ˈeɪmɪəbəl]

definition: Having or displaying a friendly and pleasant manner

origin: late Middle English (originally in the senses 'kind', and 'lovely, lovable'): via Old French from late Latin amicabilis 'amicable'. The current sense, influenced by modern French aimable 'trying to please', dates from the mid 18th century.

sentence: The amiable young man greeted me enthusiastically.

part of speech:

amiableness [n.]

amiably [adv.]

5. dinkum [adj.]  [ˈdɪŋkəm]

definition: (Of an article or person) genuine, honest, true

origin: late 19th century: of unknown origin.

sentence: It is light and satisfying, the flakiness - the result of using real butter, unbleached flour and no preservatives - is the dinkum deal.

小考 The Great Gatsby

電影欣賞 The Great Gatsby

Great light stands for hope on his dream and love. as well as the corruption of the East Egg.

Mrytle" You can't live forever."

Nick" You can't repeat the past."

Gatsby" Surely you can."

So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past.

 Words of the day

11/21 (Fri.)

1. crust [v.]  [krʌst]

definition: Form into a hard outer layer

origin: Middle English: from Old French crouste, from Latin crusta 'rind, shell, crust'.

sentence: The blisters eventually crustover.

part of speech:

crustal [adj.]

2. witty [adj.]  [ˈwɪti]

definition: Showing or characterized by quick and inventive verbal humour

origin: Old English wit(t)ig 'having wisdom'

sentence: Marlowe was charming and witty.

part of speech:

wittily [adv.]

wittiness [n.]

3. regal [adj.]  [ˈriːgəl]

definition: Of, resembling, or fit for a monarch, especially in being magnificent or dignified

origin: late Middle English: from Old French, or from Latin regalis, from rex, reg- 'king'.

sentence: Considered a symbol of regal authority, the dragon was also thought to dispel evil spirits.

part of speech:

regally [adv.]

4. detach [v.]  [dɪˈtatʃ]

definition: Disengage (something or part of something) and remove it

origin: late 16th century (in the sense 'discharge a gun'): from French détacher, earlier destacher, from des- (expressing reversal) + attacher 'attach'.

sentence: He detached the front lamp from its bracket.

part of speech:

detachability [n.]

detachable [adj]

5. volley [n.]  [ˈvoli]

definition: A number of bullets, arrows, or other projectiles discharged at one time

origin: late 16th century: from French volée, based on Latin volare 'to fly'.

sentence: Royal Marines fired three volleys over the grave at the interment.

part of speech:

volleyer [n.]

11/24 (Mon.)

1. costume [n.]  [ˋkɑstjum]

definition:  the clothes that are worn by someone (such as an actor) who is trying to look like a different person or thing

origin: French, from Italian, custom, dress, from Latin consuetudin-, consuetudo custom

sentence: He changed his costume for the party.

part of speech:

costumey [adj.]

2. manner [n.]  [ˋmænɚ]

definition:  the way that something is done or happens

origin: Middle English manere, from Anglo-French, from Vulgar Latin *manuaria, from Latin, feminine of manuarius of the hand, from manus hand 

sentence: It is bad manners to interrupt. 

part of speech:

mannerless [n.]

3. breed [v.]  [brid]

definition: to keep and take care of animals or plants in order to produce more animals or plants of a particular kind

origin: Middle English breden, from Old English brēdan; akin to Old English brōd brood

sentence: He got into the business of breeding cattle.

4. tap [n.]  [tæp]

definition: a plug for a hole (as in a cask)

origin: Middle English tappe, from Old English tæppa; akin to Old High German zapho tap

sentence: He left the tap open to fill the kitchen sink with water. 

5. destination [n.]  [͵dɛstəˋneʃən]

definition:  a place to which a person is going or something is being sent

sentence: After stopping for lunch, we continued on toward our destination.

11/25 (Tue.)

1.engulf [v.]  [ɪnˋgʌlf]

definition: to flow over and cover (someone or something)

sentence: The valley was engulfed in a thick fog.

part of speech:

engulfment [n.]

2. fee [n.]  [fi]

definition:  an amount of money that must be paid

origin: Middle English, from Anglo-French fé, fief, of Germanic origin; akin to Old English feoh cattle, property, Old High German fihu cattle; akin to Latin pecus cattle, pecunia mone 

sentence: The admission fee is $10.

3. subscribe [v.]  [səbˋskraɪb]

definition:  to pay money to get a publication or service regularly

origin: Middle English, from Latin subscribere, literally, to write beneath, from sub- + scribere to write

sentence: Subscribe today and get your first issue free!

4. violent [adj.]  [ˋvaɪələnt]

definition: using or involving the use of physical force to cause harm or damage to someone or something

origin: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Latin violentus; akin to Latin vis strength 

sentence: She suffered a violent death in a car accident.

part of speech:

violently [adv.]

5.antique [n.] [ænˋtik]

definition: belonging to an earlier period, style, or fashion : old and often valuable

origin: Middle French, from Latin antiquus, from ante before

sentence: That car is an antique.

11/26 (Wed.)

1. circuit [n.]  [ˋsɝkɪt]

definition: a series of performances, sports events, lectures, etc., that are held or done at many different places

origin: Middle English, from Middle French & Latin; Middle French circuite, from Latin circuitus, from circumire, circuire to go around, from circum- + ire to go 

sentence: It takes a year for the Earth to make one circuit around the sun.

2. crate [n.] [kret]

definition: a large wooden or plastic box used for moving things from one place to another

origin: Middle English, from Latin cratis

sentence: The bear arrived at the zoo in a crate.

3. dawn [v.]  [dɔn]

definition: to begin to become light as the sun rises

origin: Middle English, probably back-formation from dawning daybreak, alteration of dawing, from Old English dagung, from dagian

sentence: They waited for the day to dawn.

4.invade [v.]  [ɪnˋved]

definition: to enter (a place, such as a foreign country) in order to take control by military force

origin: Middle English, from Latin invadere, from in- + vadere to go

sentence: The troops invaded at dawn.

part of speech:

invader [n.]

5. tide [n.]  [taɪd]

definition: the regular upward and downward movement of the level of the ocean that is caused by the pull of the Sun and the Moon on the Earth

origin: Middle English, time, from Old English tīd; akin to Old High German zīt time and perhaps to Greek daiesthai to divide

sentence: The boat got swept away in the tide.

part of speech:

tideless [adj.]

11/27 (Thu.)

1. rinse [v.]  [rɪns]

definition: Wash (something) with clean water to remove soap, detergent, dirt, or impurities

origin: Middle English (as a verb): from Old French rincer, of unknown ultimate origin.

sentence: Wash the face piece in detergent and water, rinse it thoroughly, and dry it in a well-ventilated area.

part of speech:

rinser [n.]

2. peripheral [adj.]  [pəˈrɪfərəl]

definition: Relating to or situated on the edge or periphery of something

sentence: Instead, it is a better idea to sample from the peripheral edges of affected areas where plant symptoms are less severe and nematode population densities are still high.

part of speech:

peripherality [n.]

peripheralisation [n.]

peripheralise [v.]

peripherally [adv.]

3. irritate [v.]  [ˈɪrɪteɪt]

definition: Make (someone) annoyed or a little angry

origin: mid 16th century (in the sense 'excite, provoke'): from Latin irritat- 'irritated', from the verb irritare.

sentence: Later that evening, Jenny remarked that she was irritated with Sara.

part of speech:

irritative [adj.]

irritator [n.]

4. sanguine [adj.]  [ˈsaŋgwɪn]

definition: Optimistic or positive, especially in an apparently bad or difficult situation

origin: Middle English: from Old French sanguin(e) 'blood red', from Latin sanguineus 'of blood', from sanguis, sanguin- 'blood'.

sentence: He is sanguine about prospects for the global economy.

part of speech:

sanguinely [adv.]

sanguineness [n.]

5. draft [v.]  [drɑft]

definition: Prepare a preliminary version of (a document)

origin: mid 16th century: phonetic spelling of draught.

sentence: I drafted a letter of resignation.

part of speech:

drafter [n.]

How to take great notes (video)

step one: Don't write facts, write conclusions

step two: Use color pens to make connections

step three: Review

exile

ex- out

chorus 常扮演著承先啟後的功能

reveal <---> conceal

foreshadow (埋伏筆，通常是壞事)

fore- before

forecast/ forehead

Orestes and Electra  被  Furies  (also known as Erinyes) 追殺

Electra complex 戀父情結

Mario Puzo(終極教父)

 goddess of justice court

矇眼、手拿天秤、劍(異教徒概念)

accuse of

treason 叛國

Socrates 蘇格拉底

lungs --> lung cancer

I am interested in interesting music.

I was shocked for something very skocking.

I felt embarrassed for something very embarrassing.

You bored me.

I felt bored.

I am bored for something very boring.

farther / further (抽象)

one of the + 複數名詞

The Great Gatsby

下周考試! (grade saver) 

fair-minded (fair 為公平的而非美麗的)

Tender is the night (F. Scott. Fitzgerald)

Tales of Jazz (short collection)

Samuel Ullman -- Youth is not a time of life; it's a state of mind.

Greatness is a state of mind.

Gatsby 後來是時髦的象徵

temperament 氣質

Words of the day 

11/14 (Fri.)

1. separate [adj.]  [ˋsɛpə͵ret]

definition: to cause (two or more people or things) to stop being together, joined, or connected : to make (people or things) separate

origin: Middle English, from Latin separatus, past participle of separare, from se- apart + parare to prepare, procure

sentence: They described the process used to separatecream from milk.

part of speech:

seperately [adv.]

2. vivid [adj.]  [ˋvɪvɪd]

definition: of a picture, memory, etc. : seeming like real life because it is very clear, bright, or detailed

origin: Latin vividus, from vivere to live

sentence: He gave a vivid description of the scene.

part of speech:

vividly [adv.]

3. intention [n.]  [ɪnˋtɛnʃən]

definition: the thing that you plan to do or achieve : an aim or purpose

sentence: She announced her intention to run for governor.

part of speech:

intentionally [adv.]

4. synthetic [adj.]  [sɪnˋθɛtɪk]

definition: made by combining different substances : not natural

part of speech:

synthetically [adv.] 

5. intense [adj]  [ɪnˋtɛns]

definition: very great in degree : very strong

origin: Middle English, from Middle French, from Latin intensus, from past participle of intendere to stretch out

sentence: He shielded his eyes from the intense flash of light.

part of speech:

intensely [adv.]

11/17 (Mon.)

1. permanent [adj.]  [ˋpɝmənənt]

definition:  lasting or continuing for a very long time or forever : not temporary or changing

origin: Middle English, from Anglo-French parmanant, from Latin permanent-, permanens, present participle of permanēre to endure, from per- throughout + manēre to remain

sentence: She made a permanent home in this country.

part of speech:

permanently [adv.]

2. virtual [adj.]  [ˋvɝtʃʊəl]

definition: very close to being something without actually being it

origin: Middle English, efficacious, potential, from Medieval Latin virtualis, from Latin virtus strength, virtue

sentence: The Web site provides a virtual tour of the stadium.

part of speech:

virtually [adv.]

3. bend [v.]  [bɛnd]

definition: to use force to cause (something, such as a wire or pipe) to become curved

origin: Middle English, from Old English bendan; akin to Old English bend fetter

sentence: She bent down to pick up a piece of paper and then she straightened up again.

4.conflict [v.]  [kənˋflɪkt]

definition: a struggle for power, property, etc.

origin: Middle English, from Latin conflictus act of striking together, from confligere to strike together, from com- + fligere to strike

sentence: You'll need to resolve the conflict between your parents' plans for you and your own ambitions.

part of speech:

confliction [n.]

5. grin [v.]  [grɪn]

definition: to smile widely

origin: Middle English grennen, from Old English grennian; akin to Old High German grennen to snarl 

sentence: She continued to tease her brother, grinning wickedly.

11/18 (Tue.)

1. principle [n.]  [ˈprɪnsɪpəl]

definition: A fundamental truth or proposition that serves as the foundation for a system of belief or behaviour or for a chain of reasoning

origin: late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin principium 'source', principia (plural) 'foundations', from princeps, princip- 'first, chief'.

sentence: And yet, of course, our principles of fairness and justice must be upheld

2. hostile [adj.]  [ˈhɒstʌɪl]

definition: Showing or feeling opposition or dislike; unfriendly

origin: late 16th century: from French, or from Latin hostilis, from hostis 'stranger, enemy'.

sentence: He wrote a ferociously hostile attack.

part of speech:

hostilely [adv.]

3. brilliant [adj.]  [ˈbrɪljənt]

definition: Exceptionally clever or talented

origin: late 17th century: from French brillant 'shining', present participle of briller, from Italian brillare, probably from Latin beryllus

sentence: The young Lord Burlington was brilliant and precocious.

part of speech:

brilliantly [adv.]

4. decent [adj.]  [ˈdiːsənt]

definition: Conforming with generally accepted standards of respectable or moral behaviour

origin: mid 16th century (in the sense 'suitable, appropriate'): from Latin decent- 'being fitting', from the verb decere.

sentence: We should be here in the House to establish decent standards of behaviour in our society.

part of speech:

decently [adv.]

5. fond [adj.]  [fɒnd]

definition: (fond of) Having an affection or liking for

origin: late Middle English (in the sense 'infatuated, foolish'): from obsolete fon 'a fool, be foolish', of unknown origin. Compare with fun.

sentence: He was not too fond of dancing.

part of speech:

fondly [adv.]

11/19 (Wed.)

1. cautious [adj.]  [ˋkɔʃəs]

definition: careful about avoiding danger or risk

sentence: Any cautious tourist will guard her passport.

part of speech:

caution [n.]

cautiousness [n.]

2. genius [n.]  [ˋdʒinjəs]

definition: a very smart or talented person : a person who has a level of talent or intelligence that is very rare or remarkable

origin: Latin, tutelary spirit, natural inclinations, from gignere to beget

sentence: Albert Einstein and Isaac Newton were great scientific geniuses.

3. suburb [n.]  [ˋsʌbɝb]

definition: a town or other area where people live in houses near a larger city

origin: Middle English suburbe, from Anglo-French, from Latin suburbium, from sub- near + urbs city 

sentence: New suburbs burgeoned all around the city.

part of speech:

suburbite [n.]

4. thrive [v.]  [θraɪv]

definition: to grow or develop successfully : to flourish or succeed

origin: Middle English, from Old Norse thrīfask, probably reflexive of thrīfa to grasp

sentence: Rice thrives in this hot weather.

part of speech:

thriving [adj.]

5. anxiety [n.]  [æŋˋzaɪətɪ]

definition: fear or nervousness about what might happen

origin: Latin anxietas, from anxius

sentence: He's been feeling a lot of anxiety about his new job.

part of speech:

anxious [adj.]

11/20 (Thu.)

1. contradiction [n.]  [kɒntrəˈdɪkʃən]

definition: A combination of statements, ideas, or features which are opposed to one another

origin: late Middle English: via Old French from Latin contradictio(n-), from the verb contradicere

sentence: The proposed new system suffers from a set of internal contradictions.

2. indulge [v.]  [ɪnˈdʌldʒ]

definition: Allow oneself to enjoy the pleasure of

origin: early 17th century (in the sense 'treat with excessive kindness'): from Latin indulgere 'give free rein to'.

sentence: Their inability to retain possession allowed Rangers to indulge in the passing game they enjoy.

part of speech:

indulger [n.]

3. deprive [v.]  [dɪˈprʌɪv]

definition: Prevent (a person or place) from having or using something

origin: Middle English (in the sense 'depose from office'): from Old French depriver, from medieval Latin deprivare, from de- 'away, completely' + privare

sentence: It's unfortunate we are continually deprived of our potential benefits for residents.

part of speech:

deprival [n.]

4. radical [adj.]  [ˈradɪkəl]

definition: (Especially of change or action) relating to or affecting the fundamental nature of something; far-reaching or thorough

origin: late Middle English (in the senses 'forming the root' and 'inherent'): from late Latin radicalis, from Latin radix, radic- 'root'.

sentence: Both groups would be affected by a radical change in the business climate.

part of speech:

radicalism [n.]

radically [adv.]

radicalness [n.]

5. aloof [adj.]  [əˈluf]

definition: Not friendly or forthcoming; cool and distant

sentence: They were courteous but faintly aloof.

part of speech:

aloofly [adv.]

aloofness [n.]